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Arif Hussain Hussaini

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Arif Hussain al-Hussaini
عارف حسين الحسينى
1st Leader of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan
In office
29 August 1983 – 5 August 1988
Preceded byMufti Jafar Hussain
Succeeded bySyed Sajid Ali Naqvi
Personal details
Born
Syed Arif Hussain Hussaini

(1946-11-25)25 November 1946
Parachinar, North-West Frontier Province, British India
Died5 August 1988(1988-08-05) (aged 41)
Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan
Manner of deathAssassination (gunshot wounds)
Resting placeAllama Hussaini shrine, Peiwar Pass[1]
NationalityPakistani
Political partyTehrik-e-Jafaria
Children4
Parent
  • Fazal Hussain Shah (father)
EducationMadressah-e-Jaffaria
Alma materQom Seminary
Profession
EthnicityPashtun
TribeTuri
TitleSafeer-e-Inqilab-e-Islami[3]
Shaheed-e-Millat-e-Jafaria
Khomanei-e-Pakistan
Main interest(s)Islamic philosophy, Political Islam, hadith studies, Kifayat al-Usul, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Tafsīr, Nahj al-Balagha
Notable idea(s)Khomeinism, Wilayat al Faqih, Islamic Government[4]
Notable work(s)
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationTwelver Shīʿā
JurisprudenceJa'fari
CreedUsuli
MovementIslamic revivalism
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced

Arif Hussain Al Hussaini (Urdu: علامہ عارف حسين الحسينى; 25 November 1946 – 5 August 1988) was a Twelver Shīʿā Muslim scholar, Islamist ideologue, Islamic Jurist, and Islamic Revolutionist Political leader of Shia Muslims in Pakistan. He is also known as Khomanei-e-Pakistan for his activities, which earned him the reputation of being one of the most prominent advocates for the Shia population of Pakistan and Islamic revival of the Ja'fari school of Islamic jurisprudence in the country. He viewed the ideas of secularism, liberalism and communism as evil, which he understood to be the influence of Western and Soviet imperialism. He was assassinated in 1988 at aged 41.[8][15]

Family background and education

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Family background

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Allama Syed Arif Hussain al-Hussaini was born on 25 November 1946 in the village of Pewar, Kurram, Parachinar into the house of Fazal Hussain Shah. His family belongs to the Husseini branch of Syeds, which trace descent to the fourth Shi'a imam, Zayn al-‘Ābidīn. The specific local branch name was Duparzai. He was Fluent in Pashto, Dari, Urdu, Persian and Arabic.

Education

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Hussaini received his primary education from his home town government primary school and later went on to Parachinar to complete his matriculation. Later, he got an admission into the Madressa Jafria Parachinar from where he went to the Iraqi city of Najaf for further studies. In Iraq, he studied under figures such as Aqai Lashkarani, Ayatollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Madani, Ayatollah Mortazavi, and Sheikh Ashraf Asphahani. In 1973, he returned home and married, and a year later went to the holy city of Qom, Iran to join the Hauza Ilmia. In 1975 and 1977, he performed the Hajj.

Najaf Period

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Staying for a while in Parachinar Madressah in 1967, Allama Arif ul Hussain Al Hussaini decided to further his religious studies and with his teacher Maulana Ghulam Hussain departed for Najaf and also met Imam Khomeini and many Shia religious figures in Iraq. “Madressah Abdul Aziz Baghdadi" was where he began his early further Islamic education then Hussaini was admitted in “Madressah e Shabbiriah" while Hussaini was studying in Najaf, The Imam Khomeini was also living in Najaf in exile. Imam Khomeini used to lead Maghribayn prayers at the Madressa of Ayatollah Burujerdi in Najaf at that time very few of his devotees used to pray behind Khomeini due to the strict vigilance over him by Saddam regime and Hussaini was the only Pakistani who came every evening to pray behind him, Because of his attachment to Khomeini he was ordered to leave Najaf by Iraqi authorities and before Hussaini was leaving Iraq the Imam Khomeini gave him his Wikalat Nama, (a letter issued by a Marja to a student to issue fatwas and collect Khums in his name).[16]

Return to Pakistan

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Hussaini returned to Pakistan in 1977 to mobilize the Shia community. In the same year, he became the first person to recite a majlis in Pashto, which is unusual given that the vast majority of Pashtuns are Sunni rather than Shia but he was also a strong promoter of shia-sunni unity. He also leveraged funding from the Shia Pakistani diaspora in the Persian Gulf to create the Alamdar Foundation in his hometown of Parachinar.[17]

Leadership of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan

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In a meeting of 28 people called in Bhakkar, Punjab, Allama Syed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini was given the leadership of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP) by the recommendation of Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi, after five months the death of Mufti Jafar Hussain on 10 February, 1984, in Bhakkar. An ideological split divided the movement into two groups: one headed by Hamid Moosavi, the follower of Ayatollah Shariatmadari; the other headed by Hussaini, the follower of Khomeini’s teachings. Under Hussaini, the party began to accept Sunni members, but it remained Shia religious organisation.[18] In 1986 The Allama Syed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini and his party especially welcomed and met the Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei to congrats him for the success of Iran's Islamic revolution during his three day visit to Pakistan. As leader of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP), Allama Syed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini founded and revived many Pakistani Shia organizations, including schools, charities and continued to advocate for Muslim unity and throughout his life, united them under one banner, He also organized the Quran-O-Sunnat Conference in 1987 alongside Sunni Scholars to convey the message of Islamic Unity and Iran's Islamic revolution, It was attended by majority peoples of the different sects from all over Pakistan.[19] In 1988 after the assassination of Allama Syed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini the Supreme Council of Shiite clergy of Pakistan elected the Allama Syed Sajid Ali Naqvi as the leader of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP).[20]

Death

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Allama Syed Arif Hussain al-Hussaini was assassinated in Peshawar on 5 August 1988 at the time of Fajr prayer. He was at the stairs of his seminary, coming down from his residence at first floor, when two assailants opened fire on him. The assailants of Hussaini managed to escaped but later they were reportedly arrested by the Security forces. The attackers were allegedly affiliated with Sipah-e-Sahaba, an anti-Shia organization in Pakistan.[21] Hussaini died of his wounds while being transported by ambulance to a local hospital. Hussaini’s death sparked a riot by around 500 supporters who threw stones at cars and buses in the eastern city of Lahore before riot police dispersed them with tear gas.[22]

His body was taken from Peshawar to his native village of Peiwar by helicopter. The former President Zia-ul-Haq and special representatives of Imam Khomeini, Ayatullah Jannati,[23] participated in his funeral rites. The Iranian government supported the construction of a mazar over his grave in Peshawar.

Alleged Involvement of Zia-ul-Haq

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It is also alleged that the President Zia-ul-Haq was also involved in the assassination of Allama Syed Arif Hussain Al-Hussaini, The Hussaini had been a staunch critic of the Zia regime and had strongly opposed the Islamization policies of Zia regime, He claimed that the so-called Islamization policies of Zia-ul-Haq are in the benefit of America and its allies instead of Islam and Pakistan he believed that policies of Zia could rise a regional sectarian conflict in the future, Shortly after the CIA-led Operation Cyclone, Hussaini openly voiced opposition to the Zia regime for supporting American-Israeli interference in the region and he also criticized the Soviet Union for destabilizing the region however he stated that the Pakistan would continue to support the Afghan mujahideen against Soviet force's in Afghanistan without the help of America and its ally's because he believed that the Pakistan's collaboration with America and its allies is like betraying Palestine and he had vowed to overthrow the Zia-ul-Haq and his Martial law, But he could not able to form the coalition against the regime due to his assassination on 5 August 1988 by suspected Sipah-e-Sahaba assailants, Many of his colleagues believe that the Zia-ul-Haq was also involved in the assassination of Hussaini called it as a pre-planned murder because at that time the Sipah-e-Sahaba was openly supported by Zia regime.[24][25] Scholars see that the popularity and influence of Allama Syed Arif Hussain Al-Hussaini among the Pakistani Muslims caused the Zia regime and CIA to assassinate him to avoid the Iran-like Islamic Revolution, While he is also commonly referred as "Safeer-e-Inqilab-e-Islami" (ambassador of Islamic Revolution) by his followers.[26]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Allama Arif Hussaini martyrdom anniversary held at his shrine". Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  2. ^ "The Forgotten Revolutionary: Shaheed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini and his Revolutionary Struggle". Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  3. ^ "The Forgotten Revolutionary: Shaheed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini and his Revolutionary Struggle". Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  4. ^ Alex Vatanka, Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence, I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
  5. ^ Alex Vatanka, Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence, I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
  6. ^ Alex Vatanka, Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence, I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
  7. ^ R. Michael Feener (2004), Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, ABC-CLIO, p. 89, ISBN 9781576075166
  8. ^ a b Jafri 1979, p. 181.
  9. ^ "Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan". www.dailytimes.com.pk. Archived from the original on March 19, 2007.
  10. ^ "اشک های حضرت آیت الله جوادی آملی به خاطر وجود ربا در سیستم بانکی / «بانک‎ها رباخواری دارند، ما واقعا حرف خدا را باور نکردیم»". fa. 6 August 1395.
  11. ^ http://shiitenews.org/shiitenews/pakistan-news/item/109993-dik-shia-martyrs-anniversary-held-with-allama-shahenshah-naqvis-majlis/
  12. ^ "Early Life of Muhammad Nawaz Irfani". Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ The Islamic Politics For Future, The Ideology Agenda of Majlis Wahdat-e-Muslimeen (Pakistan), (2016), p. 25
  14. ^ "Allama Talib Jauhari– End of a glorious era". 22 June 2020.
  15. ^ Nasr 1996, p. 49
  16. ^ "The Forgotten Revolutionary: Shaheed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini and his Revolutionary Struggle". Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  17. ^ Alessandro Monsutti; Silvia Naef; Farian Sabahi (2007). The Other Shiites: From the Mediterranean to Central Asia. Peter Lang. pp. 106–. ISBN 978-3-03911-289-0.
  18. ^ "Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan". www.satp.org.
  19. ^ "The Forgotten Revolutionary: Shaheed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini and his Revolutionary Struggle". Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  20. ^ "Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan". www.dailytimes.com.pk. Archived from the original on March 19, 2007.
  21. ^ "Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan". web.stanford.edu.
  22. ^ "Shia Muslim Leader Is Gunned Down in Pakistan". Los Angeles Times. 6 August 1988.
  23. ^ Funeral Prayers of Allama Arif Hussaini by Ayatullah Jannati 1988 - Arabic Urdu - ShiaTV.net, retrieved 2021-07-17
  24. ^ "The Forgotten Revolutionary: Shaheed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini and his Revolutionary Struggle". Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  25. ^ "How Pakistan's President Zia collaborated with Israel's Mossad to defeat Soviet forces in Afghanistan". WION. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  26. ^ "Religious leaders pay tributes". The News International (newspaper). 26 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.

Works cited

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